SUMMARY OF STATISTIC
By;
Hendra 060954
1.
Research
is a systematic approach to searching for answer to questions
2.
Source
of research questions can be found in the journals of our field.
3. The
areas include classroom research, skill based research, learner characteristics,
teacher characteristic, language analysis, language use outside the classroom,
interlanguage analysis, language policy/planning, testing and evaluation, and
theory testing.
4.
Feasibility
of research – research questions should ;
Ø Interest us
Ø Promise new information or confirm old information in
a new ways
Ø Have reasonable scope
Ø Have key terms that are clearly defined and
operationalized
5.
A
hypothesis is a statement of possible outcome of research. / A null hypothesis
and as an alternative hypothesis
6. Ho
There is no relationship between L2 proficiency and placement on spelling
continuum
7.
H1
There is relationship between L2 proficiency and placement on spelling
continuum
8. H2
There is a positive relationship between L2 proficiency and placement on
spelling continuum
9. H3
There is a negative relationship between L2 proficiency and placement on
spelling continuum
10.
Internal
validity has to do with interpreting findings of research within the study
itself.
11.
Internal
validity includes subject selection, maturation, history, instrumentation, task
directions, adequate data base and test effect.
12.
External
validity has to do with interpreting findings and generalizing them beyond the
study.
13.
Variable
is an attribute of a person, a piece of text, or an object which “varies” from
person to person, text to text object to object, or from time to time.
14.
A
nominal variable names an attribute or category and classifies the data
according to presence or absence of the attribute.
15.
Ordinal
scale variable describe a rank order measurement
16.
Interval
scale variable tells us how much of variable to attribute to a person, text, or
object.
17.
Dependent
variable is the major variable that will be measured in the research.
18.
Independent
variable is a variable that the researcher suspects may relate to or influence
the dependent variable.
19.
Dependent
variable “depends” on the Independent variable.
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